When gas prices climbed over $4 a gallon there were predictions that the outer suburbs would become ghost towns and recent commuters in gas guzzling SUVs, living in their mini-mansions, would trade the good life for a bike and an inner city condo.
Some smart-growth proponents go so far as to foresee outer ring suburbs as the future slums. Academics and planners see sprawl as bad for the environment and inefficient because of the costs of roads, sewers and other infrastructure costs. All true, but are the academics getting a little ahead of reality? The suburbs are not in danger of emptying tomorrow although they are experiencing considerable stress in some areas.
Last week BusinessWeek got ahead of themselves with an article entitled, “The Unraveling of the Suburban Fringe.” BusinessWeek decided to take a look at market trends across the country and see how home prices were holding up in city centers as compared to the continuously distant suburban rings. The results were based on this year’s valuations compared to the same period last year with delineations in 10 mile rings from the city center up to 50 miles distant.
To pull this information together BusinessWeek went to Zillow, the often controversial website that offers up online home valuations across the country. Based on Zillow's findings BusinessWeek reports that these metro areas all followed a similar pattern: “Values were most stable within a 10-mile radius of the center of the city, but generally worsened with each successive radius ring as far as 50 miles from the center of the city. “
On the contrary, I saw virtually no consistent pattern between the metro areas.
Nevertheless BW continues on their unsupported argument (at least as far as their chosen data source) and sites the following reasons for the trend of outer ring prices showing greater declines than urban centers cities:
- The building boom happened in the outer ring suburbs where oversupply and lackluster demand are toppling home prices, especially suburbs farther away from the cities.
- The scarcity of properties in inner cities support higher prices.
- The subprime crisis was most pronounced in places where poorer people could afford to buy—largely in the distant suburbs where land was cheap and builders were active.
I don't dispute the validity of these statements. It's just that Zillow's numbers don't follow.
The Wall Street Journal conducted
a study of 1,000 transactions to see how accurate Zillow’s home valuations were and found the following:
Zillow came within 5% of the price in a third of the transactions studied.
It was more than 25% off target on 11% of them.
In 34 of the 1,000 transactions, Zillow was off by more than 50%. The
Wall Street Journal reported that Zillow executives acknowledged that "the estimates can be way off in some cases. The estimate 'is a starting point' for people trying to figure out how much a home should cost, says Amy Bohutinsky, a spokeswoman for the company. 'We don't recommend it as the final word.' "
Zillow's general valuations are closer to reality in areas where there are large numbers of similar homes of mid-range values. Their computer program is not however intuitive enough to make evaluations in areas where there are a mixed bag of properties and price ranges.
There are other issues that can skew Zillow's numbers particularly as to the intown price estimates. I use Atlanta as an example because I'm familiar with the market. If you remove all multi-family product (mainly condo towers) from the equation you would find a much higher stability in the housing prices for intown real estate. On the converse, if you include all the condo units that are for sale now but unfinished (not included in Zillow's numbers), you would see a much worse performance in housing values.
But if we are looking to predict the future of our housing market and pinpoint the pressures for downward trending prices, the best bellwether is not the incomplete and inaccurate Zillow database, but rather an extrapolation of the foreclosure numbers. If there is one single market driver for our housing industry today, it is foreclosures - I'm sorry to say.
But no matter whose data and numbers are used, the source needs to be filtered. I referenced an interesting article last week from the WSJ about the various sources for
foreclosure information each with a different set of numbers. Any resulting interpretation of the market depended on whose data was used. There is no national scorekeeper.
I digress. Back to Zillow and BusinessWeek. For better or worse, or just for the sake of water cooler or dinner conversation here is Zillow's effort at defining home valuations in the larger markets. You can
click here to see all the data and maps. I have listed below just a portion. The other consideration in looking at these numbers is geography, i.e. Miami.
Zillow's footnote for the below price indices: "The percent change for each 10-mile band is the change in median home values in the first quarter of this year compared with the same period last year, according to Zillow.com. Zillow reports its data using the Zillow Home Value Index, which is the median Zestimate in dollars for a given geographic area for a particular period—exactly half the Zestimates for a region are below the Zindex value, and the other half are above it. Unlike other housing reports, Zillow estimates the value of all homes, not just the ones that area sold."
Atlanta: 10 miles: -5.9%; 20 miles: -6.3%; 30 miles: -5.0%; 40 miles: -4.0%; 50 miles: 1.1%
Baltimore: 10 miles: -2.3%; 20 miles: -7.2%; 30 miles: -8.6%; 40 miles: -6.8%; 50 miles: -9.6%
Boston: 10 miles: -8.3%; 20 miles: -9.2%; 30 miles: -9.8%; 40 miles: -8.6%; 50 miles: -8.6%
Chicago: 10 miles: -3.3%; 20 miles: -5.4%; 30 miles: -5.3%; 40 miles: -5.6%; 50 miles: -7.0%
Cleveland: 10 miles: -8.4%; 20 miles: -6.5%; 30 miles: -5.5%; 40 miles: -6.0%; 50 miles: -4.6%
Dallas: 10 miles: 0.7%; 20 miles: -0.1%; 30 miles: 1.3%; 40 miles: 4.2%; 50 miles: 4.7%
Durham, N.C. : 10 miles: 4.7%; 20 miles: 2.8%; 30 miles: 2.6%; 40 miles: 3.4%; 50 miles: 1.3%
Los Angeles: 10 miles: -14.2%; 20 miles: -16.0%; 30 miles: -18.4%; 40 miles: -20.5%; 50 miles: -23.5%
Miami: 10 miles: -12.5%; 20 miles: -15.0%; 30 miles: -19.9%; 40 miles: -21.8%; 50 miles: -20.3%

Milwaukee: 10 miles: 1.4%; 20 miles: -1.6%; 30 miles: -3.3%; 40 miles: -5.8%; 50 miles: -5.4%
New York: 10 miles: 5.4%; 20 miles: -2.8%; 30 miles: -3.6%; 40 miles: -5.7%; 50 miles: -6.4%
Philadelphia: 10 miles: -0.5%; 20 miles: -1.6%; 30 miles: -1.8%; 40 miles: -2.4%; 50 miles: -5.7%
Phoenix: 10 miles: -14.7%; 20 miles: -15.7%; 30 miles: -16.9%; 40 miles: -18.2%; 50 miles: -16.3%
San Diego: 10 miles: -18.0%; 20 miles: -16.5%; 30 miles: -14.3%; 40 miles: -19.6%; 50 miles: -17.8%
San Francisco: 10 miles: -7.0%; 20 miles: -14.1%; 30 miles: -16.2%; 40 miles: -12.1%; 50 miles: -13.2%
Seattle: 10 miles: -2.1%; 20 miles: -4.5%; 30 miles: -3.6%; 40 miles: -3.2%; 50 miles: -2.8%
Washington D.C.: 10 miles: -6.4%; 20 miles: -10.7%; 30 miles: -12.1%; 40 miles: -6.0%; 50 miles: -6.0%

Caveat: Please, don't make any important decisions on a "Zestimate".